What is it?
Vaginitis is basically the term referring to inflammation of the vagina. There are various things causing the condition, each with its own set of symptoms.
Physiological
Wearing pants or underwear that is too tight can irritate the vagina and lead to itching and pain, and sometimes even a discharge. This often happens with harder materials like denim so if you are suffering from this type it is advisable to get pants that are looser.
Allergens and irritants
Sometimes the vagina can become inflamed as a result of exposure to allergens or irritants. Allergens evoke an allergic reaction and may include certain fabrics or soaps. Irritants cause the vagina to become inflamed simply because they cause sufficient irritation. These include harsh chemicals, vaginal sprays and fabric softeners.
Candidiasis
Candidiasis, also known as a yeast infection or vaginal thrush, is caused by the organism called candida albicans. This organism is normally present but is kept under control by resident bacteria. When these bacteria are lost as a result of taking antibiotics, or when the immune system is compromised then these organisms are allowed to grow more than usual. If you are using antibiotics for some reason then you should get some probiotics, and these will help replace the bacteria responsible for suppressing the growth of candida. People who may be immunocompromised include individuals with diabetes, cancer, or those who are using medication that suppresses the immune system.
With candidiasis there is redness and itching of the vulva and vagina. It produces a discharge that is white and thick. This is the most common type of vaginitis. Treatment is with a local ointment, usually clotrimazole, which can be inserted into the vagina. These are available over the counter but it is advisable to see a doctor to confirm the diagnosis.
Bacterial vaginosis
This condition produces a milky discharge that has a fishy odor. If you think you may have this then you should get to a doctor as soon as possible, as the treatment is not available without a prescription. The treatment works by getting rid of the causative bacteria but leaves the good bacteria around.
Sexually transmitted infections
There are a number of sexually transmitted infections, but the main ones causing a vaginitis are chlamydia, trichomoniasis, genital herpes and HPV. Trichomoniasis is caused by the organism Trichomonas vaginalis. Chlamydia is caused by the organism Chlamydia trachomatis. They can both result in vaginal itching, pain, burning, redness, as well as burning on urination. Since these are sexually transmitted infections, you should abstain from sexual intercourse until the infection is fully treated. Your partner should also be screened for the STI’s they may be able to get, bearing in mind there are some organisms women get infected with that don’t infect men and vice versa.
Genital herpes and HPV (Human Papillomavirus) are both viruses, which as yet do not have a cure. However, there are ways of reducing your risk of getting them. This includes using barrier methods of contraception, lowering your number of sexual partners, and making sure any curable STIs have been treated.
