What is it?
Tooth decay refers to the decay or destruction of the enamel of the tooth. This occurs as a result of acid released by the bacteria in the mouth. When you eat foods high in sugar and starch plaque is formed on the teeth. The bacteria found in these plaques produce acid, which then erodes the enamel of the teeth, effectively causing tooth decay and eventually cavities. It is a problem that is seen throughout the world both in third and first world countries. It doesn’t only affect children but also affects teens and adults alike.
Causes
There are two main categories of the condition. The first relates to a diet that is rich in carbohydrates. This is why children who eat a lot of sweets are prone to cavities and ultimately rotten teeth.
The second category deals with poor dental hygiene. Teeth require brushing at least twice daily. This is to keep teeth clean and prevent plaque from forming. People who fail to do this everyday end up with plaque build up and ultimately with dental decay.
Older people are susceptible to this as well, simply because of the natural wear and tear. What happens as you age is that your gums start to recede, exposing more of the roots of your teeth. The covering of these parts are softer that enamel and therefore it is easier for bacteria to cause damage.
Types of tooth decay
There are various types of tooth decay, some with more serious complications than others. Decay around the edges of the teeth are more common in older people as it occurs around fillings. What happens is that fillings may become weak, allowing bacteria to enter into the tiny spaces between the filling and the tooth. This causes acid to build up and ultimately decay.
Smooth decay is one of the more preventable types. This begins with a tiny white area on the tooth and the bacteria will slowly start to eat away at the enamel. This type of decay generally affects teens and young adults.
Root decay is the most serious type of decay. This happens in a matter of months and very little can be done to prevent it. It usually affects middle-aged people.
Fissure decay occurs in the grooves of your molars, as they are very hard to clean with normal brushing. It is not as serious as root decay but moves faster than smooth decay.
Treatment and prevention
Once decay has set in there is very little that can be done. Most often people end up having the affected tooth removed. The good news is that a lot can be done to prevent it.
Ensure that you brush your teeth at least twice a day to keep them clean. Get regular check-ups at the dentist as well as cleaning twice a year. Avoid eating foods that are high in starch and sugar, and drink lots of water. Protecting your teeth early with prevent decay and give you strong teeth that will last.
