What exactly is a cataract?
You have probably heard the word before and may have some idea of what a cataract is, but it is a good idea to familiarize yourself with the basics. A cataract is essentially when a cloud forms over the lens of the eye. This may occur in one or both eyes, and affects the vision. Cataracts are more common in the elderly and affect people all over the world.
How it affects vision
The lens in an eye is responsible for focusing light on the retina so that a clear image can be formed. It is a transparent structure and usually allows light to pass through unopposed. A cataract forms a cloud over the lens and therefore impairs its ability to focus light, decreasing the ability to create a sharp image.
Different types of cataracts
While you may know cataracts to be related to ageing, there are actually a few other different types. A congenital cataract is the term applied to a baby who has been born with a cataract in one or both eyes. Sometimes they can be small enough not to affect vision. A traumatic cataract occurs when the eye has been injured, and usually presents itself several years later. A radiation cataract develops after exposure to certain types of radiation. A secondary cataract can occur following surgery for another eye problem like glaucoma. It can also result from diseases such as diabetes, and it has also been linked to the use of steroids.
Symptoms
There are certain things that you should look out for if you suspect you may have a cataract. This includes blurry vision, poor vision at night, and seeming as though colors are faded. You may also experience a glare, or headlights or lamps may appear brighter than usual. You may also find that when you look at lights that there is a halo around them. If you have been experiencing any of these symptoms you should get your eyes looked at.
Testing for cataracts
If a doctor suspects that you may have a cataract there are a few tests that can be done. The first is a visual acuity test, where an eye chart is used in order to test your vision at various distances. The second test is called a dilated eye exam. The doctor will place drops in your eyes in order to dilate the pupils. They will use a special instrument called an ophthalmoscope in order to look for signs of nerve damage. The next test that can be done is called tonometry, and basically measures the pressure inside the eye.
Treatment
Treatment for cataracts will depend on how severe it is. For milder symptoms you may be able to use spectacles, anti-glare sunglasses or brighter lighting. If none of these things work then the next step is surgery. This is the most effective treatment. It basically involves replacing the old lens with a new one. This should only be done if your symptoms are really interfering with your everyday life.
