Anemia, which is also spelled anaemia, is a reduced amount of red blood cells or a decreased amount of hemoglobin in the blood. This can also mean that there is a reduced ability of the oxygen-binding of the hemoglobin molecule that is in the blood, or in the cases of hemoglobin deficiency, it could also mean that there is a deformity or a lack of development within the hemoglobin molecule. Because hemoglobin is responsible for carrying oxygen to cells, it can lead to oxygen deficiency in various organs which of course causes many different clinical problems as all organs rely on oxygen to function.
There are varying degrees of this condition that range from very minor to quite dangerous but there are also several different types of anemia that are formed from various underlying causes. It is important to identify the underlying cause so that the right treatment can be given for the severity of the symptoms that specific person is suffering. The three main categories of anemia include those caused by excessive loss of blood, deficient production of red blood cells, and excessive destruction of blood cells.
There are a number of symptoms to look out for in the case of having anemia but sometimes these symptoms are a sign of this condition or the underlying cause. The symptoms that are considered as the main ones include fatigue, dizziness, low blood pressure, heart palpitations, rapid heart rate, enlargement of the spleen, muscle weakness, shortness of breath, a paleness and coolness of the skin, a yellowing of the skin and eyes, and a change in the color of the stool. Patients with severe anemia may experience fainting, chest pain, angina and even heart attack. Chronic anemia may result in behavioral disturbances and those with iron related anemia may experience restless leg syndrome. Other symptoms include bruising easily, swelling of the arms and legs, increased sweating, vomiting and chronic heartburn
If anemia is not treated there may be complications such as hypoxemia, brittle fingernails, intolerance to cold temperatures, amongst other things when the anemia is related to iron levels. When hypoxemia gets worse, it can lead to cardio-pulmonary disease.
To have anemia diagnosed, blood cell counts are performed at a laboratory using automated counters. The reports are made concerning red blood cells and the level of hemoglobin. There may also be a report done concerning the size of the red blood cells. There can also be manual examination under a microscope if automated counters are not available.
There are various types of treatment for this condition depending on the severity and underlying cause. Iron supplements may be given to some patients but they must follow the recommended doses because iron levels that are too high can also have ill-effects. Vitamin C and other supplements to help absorb iron may also be added. Blood transfusions for those who have anemia related to mass blood loss and hyperbaric oxygen for those who have blood cell destruction are methods that are used to assist the respective disorders.
